It is the policy of AO North America to abide by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education Standards for Commercial Support. Standard 2: “Disclosures Relevant to Potential Commercial Bias and Relevant Financial Relationships of Those with Control over CME Content,” requires all planners, including course directors, chairs, and faculty, involved in the development of CME content to disclose their relevant financial relationships prior to participating in the activity. Relevant financial relationships will be disclosed to the activity audience. The intent of the disclosure is not to prevent a faculty with a relevant financial or other relationship from teaching, but to provide participants with information that might be of importance to their evaluation of content. All potential conflicts of interest have been resolved prior to the commencement of this activity.

Some medical devices used for teaching purposes and/or discussed in AO North America’s educational activities may have been cleared by the FDA for specific uses only or may not yet be approved for any purpose. Faculty may discuss off-label, investigational, or experimental uses of products/devices in CME certified educational activities. Faculty have been advised that all recommendations involving clinical medicine in this CME activity are based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients.

All scientific research referred to, reported or used in this CME activity in support or justification of a patient care recommendation conforms to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection and analysis.

The opinions or views expressed in this live continuing medical education activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or recommendations of

AO North America or any commercial supporter. The certificate provided pertains only to the participants’ completion of the course.