There are multiple types of fractures that are seen in small animals, one of the most common fractures is of the pelvic area. Pelvic fractures encompass approximately 25% of all fractures seen by the small animal surgeon. Most of these fractures are related to major trauma, car accidents are the leading cause, and many of these patients arrive with other injuries related to the trauma sustained. Some of the most common fractures where surgical intervention may be required are sacral fractures, sacroiliac luxations, iliac body fractures and acetabular fractures. These fractures are best treated with immobilization and surgical reduction within the first 48 to 72 hours after injury. If the fracture is unable to be repaired prior to seven days post-injury surgical repair may no longer be possible. Previous studies evaluating ilial fratures in the dog document several complications associated with surgical repair including screw loosening, plate failure, and pelvic collapse with complication rates ranging from 0 to 62%..
The treating physician must always identify any factors relating to the potential for healing and the technique for reduction. Once these factors are identified the surgeon can decide upon the method for reduction. Failure to plan the reduction method pre-operatively can result in prolonged operating time, excessive soft tissue trauma and potential complications. There are two reduction methods; direct or indirect; fractures that can be repaired with minimal injury to the soft tissues can be managed with direct reduction. Some fracture types that can be repaired using direct reduction are transverse fractures, oblique fractures and multifragmentary fractures with 1 to 3 fragments. Indirect techniques are mainly used for fractures if reconstruction is not able to be accomplished without significant injury to the soft tissue. Examples are highly fragmented fractures, for this type of fracture the best reduction method would be a semi-rigid fixation using a bone plate that serves at a bridge plate. 1,4
The AO principles of fracture fixation encompass anatomic realignment, preservation of blood supply, early pain free mobilization, and stable reduction of the fracture and injury. This course will emphasize the AO principles for proper management of fractures as applied to small animals.
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Activity will be certified for continuing education.
Expected results of AONA's CME activities for surgeons, fellows, and residents are to:
• Increase their knowledge base and surgical skill level
• Improve competence by applying advances of knowledge in patient care in the areas of trauma, degenerative disorders, deformities, tumors, and reconstructive surgical techniques
• Address practice performance gaps by improving management of aspects of traumatic injuries and musculoskeletal disorders (i.e., pre-operative planning to post-operative care)
It is the policy of AO North America to abide by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education Standards for Commercial Support. Standard 2: “Disclosures Relevant to Potential Commercial Bias and Relevant Financial Relationships of Those with Control over CME Content,” requires all planners, including course directors, chairs, and faculty, involved in the development of CME content to disclose their relevant financial relationships prior to participating in the activity. Relevant financial relationships will be disclosed to the activity audience. The intent of the disclosure is not to prevent a faculty with a relevant financial or other relationship from teaching, but to provide participants with information that might be of importance to their evaluation of content. All potential conflicts of interest have been resolved prior to the commencement of this activity.
Some medical devices used for teaching purposes and/or discussed in AO North America’s educational activities may have been cleared by the FDA for specific uses only or may not yet be approved for any purpose. Faculty may discuss off-label, investigational, or experimental uses of products/devices in CME certified educational activities. Faculty have been advised that all recommendations involving clinical medicine in this CME activity are based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients.
All scientific research referred to, reported or used in this CME activity in support or justification of a patient care recommendation conforms to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection and analysis.
AONA does not endorse nor promote the use of any product/device of commercial entities. Equipment used in this course is for teaching purposes only with the intent to enhance the learning experience.
USE THE BELOW TEXT FOR DIDACTIC COURSES ONLY!
The opinions or views expressed in this live continuing medical education activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or recommendations of
AO North America or any commercial supporter. The certificate provided pertains only to the participants’ completion of the course.
This course will involve exposure to and contact with animal anatomic specimens. These specimens are being utilized for purposes of teaching and learning and are to be treated with the utmost respect. Participants should be familiar with and understand the potential risks involved and will be required to observe all customary safety procedures.
In-Kind Support
AO North America gratefully acknowledges in-kind support for equipment and technical staff from J&JMedTech.
Educational Grant
AO North America gratefully acknowledges funding for its education activities from the AO Foundation. The AO Foundation receives funding for education from Synthes GmbH.